Take another look at the sentence:
Whispering into Valerie's ear, Rafael shared the gossip which had shocked
and dismayed everyone in the cafeteria.
Whispering into Valerie's ear, a participle phrase, comes right before the noun Rafael. Which shocked and dismayed everyone in the cafeteria, an adjective clause, comes right after the noun gossip. These are clear and logical pairings of targets and modifiers. There are no errors.
Before you continue, review the rules for misplaced and dangling modifiers.